Tag Archives: Douglas

Prop It Up: Trans-Texas Airways Route Proving Run

Guest Editor Dave Nichols

Trans – Texas Airways Route Proving Run

By Dave Nichols

Trans-Texas Airways was one of the original Local Service Airlines, like Allegheny, Ozark, and Southern.ย  On October 10, 1947, TTA was the proud owner of five ex-American Airlines DC-3s, 16 pilots and some five stewards.ย  This was one day away from starting revenue passenger services and it dawned on the executives that they hadnโ€™t done a proving run.ย  The airline had only two routes in the beginning.ย  The southern run was Houston-Hobby, Victoria, San Antonio ending at San Angelo.ย  The northern schedule went from Houston to Palestine, Dallas-Love, Fort Worth-Meachem, Brownwood and terminating in San Angelo.ย  All stops were in Texas.ย  So, Manager of Flight Operations, Hank Erdmann, rounded up all the pilots and a young woman from the executive office to act as a surrogate stewardess and they prepared to tackle the northern route for a day.ย  No federal inspectors were on board, which would prove to be fortuitous.

The captains and co-pilots had developed camaraderie of sorts but had little experience flying together as a crew.ย  No cockpit management system existed; they used the checklists together and the first officer tried to learn the captainโ€™s ways of doing things.ย  The left seater did most of the flying.ย  The first crew selected to jump in the frying pan was Captain Bob Quin and co-pilot Bob Barrett.ย  The cockpit door was to remain open.ย  DC-3 N33654 (msn 4117) was selected.ย  She was a good airplane with the name La Gansa (The Goose) written on the nose. ย  N33654 departed from Hobby and headed north under Visual Flight Rules, 150 miles to Palestine.ย  The pilots had never been there and couldnโ€™t even pronounce the name correctly:ย  โ€œPal-es-teenโ€™.โ€ย  There were no nav aids near the airport.ย  Captain Quin came up on the town too high and too fast.ย  Unable to get in the groove, he called for gear and flaps up and made a go-around.ย  The catcalls and heckling began in earnest from the cabin, and it continued around the traffic pattern.

Once parked at the tiny wooden terminal, the pilots were changed out.ย  Bill Moore and Bob Saner took over for the 100-mile leg to Dallas.ย  They had not flown together before.ย  The flight was routine until touchdown at Love Field.ย  Captain Moore had his own technique of raising the flaps as soon as the main tires struck the concrete.ย  His call of โ€œflaps upโ€ startled the co-pilot, diverting Mooreโ€™s attention from the landing.ย  The DC-3 took a good bounce.ย  Co-pilot Bob then reacted to the command and raised the flaps, just as the airplane was at the apex of the bounce.ย  Up came the flaps and down came The Goose.ย  The flight ops chief roared:ย  โ€œEnough of this crap, only Hassler and Richards (the #1 and #2 seniority captains) will fly the right seat to keep you idiot captains in check.โ€ย  This tactic would not be enough.

Bud Downes flew to Fort Worth.ย  He was the resident DC-3 wizard and everything went soothingly well.ย  It was to be the only perfect leg of the day.ย  Pappy Jensen commanded The Goose southwestward to Brownwood.ย  He had plenty of flying time โ€“ in C-46s.ย  Those airplanes werenโ€™t content to stay in trim so Pappy had become accustomed to let the airplane wander a bit.ย  The Gooseโ€™s left wing would droop for a few minutes, then Pappy would respond and pick it back up.ย  After 30 minutes of this, crewmembers moaned from the cabin:ย  โ€œFor Godโ€™s sake, Pappy, raise the left wing!โ€ย  Then Jenson would jerk it level but the wing was predestined to slowly drop down again, unheeded.

After the central Texas stop at Brownwood, came the 80-mile hop to San Angelo, which was at the end of the TTA system.ย  Bobby Carle, who drew the honors, had only minimum time in a DC-3, being a B-24 pilot.ย  On landing, he was a tad hot over the fence and the aircraft floated teasingly above the runway.ย  Then the inevitable bounce, followed by Carleโ€™s nudging of the throttles, which resulted in more bouncing.ย  This was repeated liberally.ย  The gallery sitting behind yelled in unison for him to pull the power off, put the yoke in his belly and let the darn thing die.ย  It was kismet that San Angelo had a long runway.

After a lunch break and a scolding from the boss for everyone to stop pestering the stewardess, T.K. Lee flew the group back to Brownwood.ย  Like several of his B-24 brethren, he found himself too high on the approach to runway 13, which was only 4,600 feet long.ย  Not wanting to endure the jeers that would surely come like darts, he elected to land.ย  He pushed the nose down until she trembled.ย  The landing was long.ย  When the mains were planted, T.K. mashed the brakes and put the yoke in his lap to keep the nose from going over the top.ย  Smoking brake pads wafted into the cabin.ย  With tires screeching and brakes squealing like hogs at feeding time, the sweet old Goose stopped right at the very end of the runway.ย  However, the tail was still in the air.ย  Suddenly, having reached zero inertia, the tail came plummeting down like a broken elevator cab.ย  There was a tremendous jolt.ย  All that was heard in the cabin were 18 people exhaling in unison.ย  A lone voice carried forward:ย  โ€œI am surrounded by idiots.โ€

Bob Barrett summarized that day with this sage sentence: โ€œThe contrast between the brash young men who elbowed their way into the Goose that morning, grabbing at that poor little girl and hurling nasty remarks up to the cockpit, and the somber and humbled men who filed slowly off the DC-3 that evening back in Houston was amazing.โ€ย  Their thought process and maturity had taken a quantum leap.

They had an airline to start the next morning.

Addendum:ย  Of the 16 original Trans-Texas pilots, 12 made it a full career with TTA and later the renamed Texas International.ย  From DC-3s, Convair 240s and 600s, and the DC-9-10, these TTA โ€œgray beardsโ€ retired off the DC-9-32.

Route Map of Trans-Texas Airways on November 1, 1949 (courtesy of Airline Timetable Images):

Trans-Texas 11.1.49 Route Map

Trans-Texas DC-3 Banner

Top Copyright Photo: Christian Volpati Collection/AirlinersGallery.com. Sister ship Douglas DC-3A N18121 (msn 1997) rests at San Antonio between flights.

Trans-Texas Airways/Texas International:ย AG Slide Show

Dave always likes to hear from his readers. Write Dave Nichols atย propitupblog@gmail.com

Read Dave’s previous articles:

Ball Peen Hammers and Earth Worms (North Central Airlines): CLICK HERE

A Day With Aspen Airways:ย CLICK HERE

Nostalgic Tickets:ย CLICK HERE

Spring Break with Lake Central:ย CLICK HERE

What Allegheny Meant To Me:ย CLICK HERE

A Day with Southern Airways:ย CLICK HERE

Mohawkโ€™s Incredible Weekends Unlimited:ย CLICK HERE

Delta Air Lines to retire the last Douglas DC-9 on January 6, 2014

Delta Air Lines (Atlanta) although not yet officially announced, but published in the schedules, is currently planning to operate the last McDonnell Douglas DC-9-51 on January 6, 2014. An appropriately named flight DL 1965 will operate from Detroit to Minneapolis/St. Paul departing DTW at 3:39 pm (1539) and arriving at MSP at 4:43 (1643) followed by flight DL 2014 which will operate from Minneapolis/St. Paul to Atlanta as the last scheduled flight, departing MSP at 7:20 pm (1920) and arriving at ATL at 8:47 pm (2047) local time. An unspecified DC-9-51 will operate the last flights. Photos of the last flights are welcome.

Delta has been gradually dwindling down the former Northwest Airlines (and North Central Airlines) DC-9-51 fleet with 10 retirements in 2011, six in 2012 and four so far in 2013. According to Airliners.net, 14 were still in service as of November 19, 2013. One of these 14 aircraft will operate the last revenue flight on January 6, 2014. The aircraft will be ferried to the desert and eventually broken up for scrap metal.

This is actually the second Delta retirement of the DC-9. Delta previously retired its last original DC-9-32 on January 1, 1993. With the merger of Northwest Airlines on October 29, 2008, the DC-9 type was re-introduced back in the Delta fleet under the Delta name.

Delta Air Lines took delivery of its first 65-seat Douglas DC-9-14 (N3304L) (see N3314L below) on September 18, 1965. The new type entered revenue service on November 29, 1965 as flight DL 791 on the Atlanta-Memphis-Kansas City route.

177 total DC-9s were operated. Delta in its history operated the following DC-9 types:

16 DC-9-14s

1 DC-9-15 (leased from Jet International)

114 DC-9-31/32s

12 DC-9-41s

34 DC-9-51s

Information from the Delta Museum:

Delta DC-9 History

Top Copyright Photo: Bruce Drum/AirlinersGallery.com. ย McDonnell Douglas DC-9-51 N773NC (msn 47775) completes its final approach into Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport.

Delta Air Lines:ย AG Slide Show

Bottom Copyright Photo: Bruce Drum/AirlinersGallery.com. Douglas DC-9-14 N3314L sits at the old Atlanta maintenance base on January 27, 1970. The original delivery color scheme of the DC-9-14s included this forward-pointing widget which was later changed to the standard upright widget.

Buffalo Airways’ passenger Douglas DC-3 makes a hard landing, all on board safe

Buffalo Airways logo

Buffalo Airways (Yellowknife), one of the last passenger operators of the venerable Douglas DC-3 in the world, suffered a hard landing at Yellowknife yesterday evening (August 19). The DC-3 had departed Yellowknife on its regular run to Hay River when it was forced to return to Yellowknife after the right engine caught fire. ย According to this report by CBC News, the DC-3 clipped some trees and suffered a hard landing. There were no injuries to the passengers and crew members on board. Buffalo Airways is famous as the airline featured in the Canadian TV series “Ice Pilots”. It is not clear if any of the TV production crews were filming yesterday.

Read the full story: CLICK HERE

Passengers boarding the DC-3 (Buffalo Airways-BuffaloAirWear.com):

Buffalo Airways Passengers boarding DC-3 (Buffalo)(LR)

Regular Schedule (photos: Buffalo Airways):

Buffalo Airways DC-3 Schedule

Video:

Delta to begin renovations on Delta Flight Museum, set to open in 2014

Delta Museum (Delta)(LRW)

Delta Air Lines (Atlanta) will begin renovations funded by a $6.3 million grant from The Delta Air Lines Foundation and will kick-off a corporate sponsorship campaign to refurbish Delta’s historic hangars on the company’s corporate campus. Upon completion of the project, the facility will open to the public as the Delta Flight Museum offering daily tours and a unique private event facility.

The hangars, originally built in the 1940s for Delta’s aircraft maintenance, were repurposed in 1995 as the site of the currentย Delta Air Transportย Heritage Museum. Its mission then was to preserve the history of Delta’s people and culture of exceptional customer service forged by founder C.E. Woolman. The site has served as the backbone of the company’s global headquarters for more than 70 years.

“Returning Delta’s historic hangars to their original glory helps preserve the history and rich Delta employee culture for generations of aviation enthusiasts,” saidย Tad Hutcheson, vice president โ€“ Community Affairs and Chairman of the Board of Directors for theย Delta Air Transport Heritage Museum. “The new Delta Flight Museum will offer a one-of-a-kind experience for theย Atlantacommunity and visitors from around the world.”

The renovation project will last 12 months and is scheduled to be complete in advance of Delta’s 85th anniversary of commercial aviation service on June 17, 2014. Some of the major improvements include the addition of a welcome theater, installation of an elevator and construction of a new mezzanine level.

When completed, the new museum will offer a full-service event space that will accommodate private events for groups ranging from 100 to 1,200 people for a seated meal service. The facility will be among the largest capacity venues in the Atlanta metropolitan area and will offer a variety of scalable rental options.

The entrance to the Delta Flight Museum will offer convenient access for daily visitors and will include dedicated parking for museum patrons as well as capacity for valet parking services to compliment private functions held in the facility.

The Spirit of Deltaย will continue to be one of the largest items on display in the museum. The Boeing 767-200 (above, caption below) was purchased by Delta employees in 1982 as an expression of thanks to the company and has been located in the museum since being retired from service in 2006.

The renovation also will include preserving the hangar doors by returning them to their original condition and polishing the concrete floors to retain the distinctive markings created when Delta installed the reinforced concrete needed to handle heavier aircraft as it transitioned from the use of propeller planes to the jet age.

New air conditioning and heat controls will provide a comfortable year-round visitor experience inside the large hangar facility. A full Convair 880 cockpit already owned by the museum along with a Boeing 737-200 flight simulator will be installed as permanent exhibits and a new retail store will be built for visitors to purchase aviation memorabilia and Delta-branded items.

The hangars were designated as an official Historic Aerospace Site by The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in Feb. 2011, acknowledging them as the oldest surviving buildings currently in use atย Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport.

Delta moved its headquarters from Monroe, Louisiana, toย Atlantaย in 1941 and began use of the hangars as the primary maintenance facility for its daily commercial flight operations. Aircraft maintenance moved to the site of Delta’s currentย Technical Operations Centerย in 1960. In 1990, a group of Delta retirees launched an effort to consolidate Delta memorabilia, archival collections and one of Delta’s first 1940s era Douglas DC-3 aircraft. The effort resulted in the creation of theย Delta Air Transport Heritage Museumย located in the hangar facility donated by Delta.

Top Copyright Rendering: Delta Air Lines.

Middle Copyright Photo: Bruce Drum/AirlinersGallery.com. “The Spirit of Delta” in the form of donated Boeing 767-232 N102DA (msn 22214) worn several different liveries in its career with Delta. Here is the special “Celebrating 75 Years 2004” livery at Miami.

Delta Air Lines:ย AG Slide Show

Bottom Copyright Photo: Brian McDonough/AirlinersGallery.com.ย Douglas DC-3-357 NC28341 (msn 3278) lands at Baltimore/Washington (BWI).

Historical Photo of the Day – June 3, 2013

Air Canada McDonnell Douglas DC-8-43 CF-TJK (msn 45638) TPA (Bruce Drum). Image: 101449.

Copyright Photo: Bruce Drum. Taken November 30, 1969. Please click on the photo for additional information and the full-size image.

Air Canada:ย AG Slide Show

Historic Photo of the Day – May 29, 2013

AeroPeru (1st) McDonnell Douglas DC-8-62 OB-R-1210 (msn 46142) MIA (Bruce Drum). Image: 101948.

Copyright Photo: Bruce Drum. Taken April 1983.

AeroPeru:ย AG Slide Show

Frameable Color Prints and Posters:ย AG All Photos Available

Historic Photo of the Day – May 26, 2013

Continental’s Houston Proud Bird Express (Emerald Air) Douglas DC-9-14 N38641 (msn 47060) HOU (Keith Armes). Image: 912258.

Copyright Photo: Keith Armes.

Continental Airlines:ย AG Slide Show

Frameable Color Prints and Posters:ย AG All Photos Available

Finnair is celebrating 90 years of flying this year

Finnair (Helsinki) will be celebrating 90 years of flying this year. As part of the year-long celebration the company has issued this statement and video:

Finnair has been making aviation history since it was founded by Bruno Lucander in 1923. This is the story of the resourceful and resilient early days of commercial air travel and how Bruno and his team operated in Helsinkiโ€™s wintery weather conditions.

Finnair pilots also share their thoughts and explain how the same can-do attitude is being passed on from older to younger generations of pilots.

This video is part of a series celebrating and documenting Finnairโ€™s 90 years long journey. Enjoy!

Copyright Photo: Christian Volpati. Douglas C-53C (DC-3A-453) OH-LCH (msn 6346) is painted in the 1947 Finnish Airlines-Aero OY color scheme.

Finnair:ย AG Slide Show

Video:

Prop It Up: Spring Break with Lake Central

Guest Editor Dave Nichols

Spring Break with Lake Central

Ah, Spring; better yet, Spring Break.ย  College freshman year, spit and vinegar, time to take it easy for a week in 1965.ย  I couldnโ€™t afford to traipse off to Florida but a break in any form was good and it would give me plenty of time to hang around my local Cessna dealer.ย  I would kick it off with a flight home since I loved big piston twins and would attempt to talk Dad into paying for a ticket.ย  He was a tough sell and a non-aviation aficionado.ย  The bus or train was good enough for me, he said, often.ย  Oh, I forgot to mention that my college was only 110 miles from home.ย  Dad figured it was almost close enough to walk.

College was near Cleveland, Ohio and home was Erie, Pennsylvania: that meant Allegheny Airlines territory.ย  Their Martin 202s and Convair 440s were plying the Newark โ€“ Cleveland and Washington (National) โ€“ Cleveland runs which made mandatory stops at ERI.ย  The 202s both intrigued and terrified me at the same time, with their flame belching out the stack or the intake (each engine would take turns).ย  Oil would constantly drool out of every crevice on the nacelle.ย  But I was hooked on the airline biz and had already planned to go into it after graduation.

CLE-ERI was a whopping 40 minute flight and I was looking for a way to increase the ย time and experience.ย  I envied my classmates who actually flew somewhere beyond a half-hour.ย  I discovered that I could fly from Cleveland to Akron on a Lake Central Airlines DC-3, then change planes and continue on a Lake Central Convair 340 through Youngstown and on to Erie.ย  Alleghenyโ€™s fare was $10 but Lake Central said they would take me for $12.75.ย  What a deal!ย  I would get 1:20 in the air plus a plane change and two stops in the middle for only $2.75 more!ย  Lake Central didnโ€™t comprehend my aviation excessiveness but was happy to collect the $12.75 and I probably became the first person to fly CLE-ERI through the triangle of CAK and YNG.ย ย  My parents would never understand so I just told them I was coming in on Lake Central โ€“ they didnโ€™t keep up with which airlines flew where and probably wouldnโ€™t ask.

Copyright Photo: Christian Volpati Collection. Lake Central Airlines operated a total of 23 venerable Douglas DC-3s including the former military variants, including the pictured DC-3A-363 N41831 (msn 3275) painted in the 1960 color scheme.

The departure evening was at hand and I just knew this would be a memorable experience.ย  The DC-3s were about gone from airline service so this made the first leg important to me.ย  I still remember that night like it happened five years ago; even one of the N numbers is still tattooed on the aviation side of my brain.ย  Stationary front which meant low ceiling, drizzle and fog.ย  Lots of fog.ย  My 6:00 p.m. departure to Akron was way behind.ย  The DC-3 was slogging through the crud and was still somewhere in Indiana.ย  Every airlineโ€™s schedules were in tatters.ย  It was getting dark, now.ย  After two hours of delay, Lake Central had a Convair 340 flight make it in to Cleveland.ย  They added a flag stop to Akron and took us on.ย  I was deflated to lose the DC-3 ride but happy that at least we were moving.

Please click on the map for the full size.

July 1965 Lake Central Route Map.

The inside of the Convair-Liner was damp, overly warm, and completely full of 44 worried travelers.ย  Our takeoff from CLE was uneventful and we entered the clouds just after the gear hit the wells.ย  The air was smooth and the twenty-five minute segment to CAK was routine.ย  We never got above the solid overcast.ย  The approach took us to minimums and the captain had just started to apply power for a go-around when he saw the strobe lights and plunked in for a landing.ย  The ramp was sprinkled with Viscounts, DC-6s and Convairs.ย  I deplaned.

Lake Central Schedules from Akron-Canton:

The Akron-Canton terminal was a sea of college students and businessmen.ย  Collegians from at least six universities were camped out all over the gate areas.ย  A few large transistor radios echoed out the latest Beatles hits, especially โ€œI Feel Fineโ€.ย  Iโ€™ll never forget the irony.ย ย  Many had been there for five hours and the sad stories were growing.ย  Some passengers were diverted into CAK and were waiting to see what their carriers were going to do.ย  My LC connection was the epic voyage, flight 37, which began in Indianapolis and stopped at Dayton, Columbus, Akron, Youngstown and Erie enroute to Buffalo.ย  This flight was impossible to keep on schedule in instrument weather.

Still an aviation novice but resourceful enough to call the control tower, I found that CAK was a temporary landable oasis as all airports north were now completely fogged in.ย  Erie was up and down, so there was hope.ย  My spirits were not buoyed when I saw my usual Erie-bound Allegheny Convair 440 taxi in.ย  Allegheny didnโ€™t even fly to Akron!ย  Erie was too foggy and Cleveland socked in behind them, so they diverted to CAK and would bus the passengers on to ERI.ย  I was deeply concerned but still hoping for my $12.75 worth of flying.

Copyright Photo: Christian Volpati. Sister aircraft and former United Airlines Convair 340-31 N73149 (msn 163) rests between flights at Baltimore (Friendship International Airport). LC acquired the airliner on February 27, 1961.

At nine-thirty, Lake Central 37 pulled up to the gate.ย  It was N73123 (msn 42).ย  The continuation of the flight was a โ€œgoโ€.ย  However, the agent told us Erie didnโ€™t look good at the moment but Youngstown had landing minimums.ย  We boarded, about 10 of us, the remainder of the Convair was filled with through passengers.

Something was not right when I entered the cabin.ย  The air was stuffy with a whiff of body odor.ย  The passengers looked ashen.ย  I asked around and was peppered with stories of weather delays at each stop and mechanical problems.ย  The left engine had begun throwing sparks out the exhaust port enroute to Columbus.ย  Since the exhaust outlet is over ten feet away from the engine on a CV340, thatโ€™s some powerful sparks.ย  The engine was worked on but a volley of sparks reoccurred on the approach to CAK.ย  Eyeballs along the left side had been pressed against the windows.ย  Iโ€™m not an ultra brave soul but since no mechanic examined the bowels of the engine at Akron, I figured it was just an overly rich mixture and carbon flakes were being created and blown out.ย  I dutifully took a window seat on the right side.ย ย  Sitting next to me was a female co-ed about my age taking her first flight, very quiet but I figured she would be good conversation as the flight unfolded.ย  Besides, I could teach her all the great stuff about Convairsโ€ฆ

Our aircraft was in the pre-takeoff area a long time.ย  Each engine was run up twice.ย  We were the only airplane out there.ย  Flight 37 finally headed down the center stripe and the engines roared.ย ย  Water spray from the fog being chewed up whipped off the propeller tips.ย  The visibility was very short, quite dark and drizzly.ย  It was a verrry long, extended take-off run.ย  Passengers on the left side suddenly gasped as orange and red sparklies streamed by their windows.ย  I didnโ€™t know the exact length of Akronโ€™s runway but I was aware the asphalt was modest and a sheer drop-off awaited any luckless aircraft at the end.ย  Relief, the nose wheel raised.ย  At that precise moment, just like every simulator check ride you ever heard of, one of the engines started to miss.ย  It was the right engine, the good engine!ย  The #2 radial was stuttering badly.ย  I could see out of the corner of the window the red runway end lights zipping toward us.ย  N73123 wallowed into the air.ย  The Convair sagged like one of Jimmy Doolittleโ€™s B-25s taking off from a carrier deck. ย The end of the runway flashed under us.ย  All I could see in the white blaze of the landing lights were trees.ย  Tall trees of every specie tried to duck from our assault.ย  We were below the tops of some of them.ย  I swear I could hear the peaks of pines brushing against our main gear tires.ย  At this juncture, most everyone screamed.ย  The young woman next to meย fainted.ย  I can still hear the air escaping from her mouth as she slumped in her seat.ย  My colon begged to be emptied.

The beleaguered Convair stabilized after the gear came up.ย  The right engine was not shut down. Iโ€™m convinced if it had been, we would have discovered why tree trunks win against aluminum.ย ย  Once the power was reduced to climb configuration, the right engine smoothed out, much to everyoneโ€™s prayers.ย  We were now bolstered from โ€œsure deathโ€ mode to โ€œmaybe we can walk away with only injuries.โ€ย ย  The CV340 climbed slowly through the black murk, the left engine still vomiting sparks but down to a shower a minute instead of continuous.ย  No PA announcement was ever made.

The aircraft made four turns in a holding pattern above Youngstown.ย  The first ILS approach resulted in a missed approach.ย  Everyone bit their nails when the engines were pushed to full power.ย  I was an emotional wreck, now.ย  My face was flushed; I could no longer be a symbol of strength for my neighbor who awakened briefly.ย  I was wickedly reminded of the old pilot psalm that reads:ย  โ€œIt is better to be on the ground wishing you were in the air than to be flying and wishing you were on the ground.โ€ย  To our astonishment, the engines behaved this time and climbed us back to approach altitude.

We landed on the second attempt.ย  There were no movie-like cheers from the passengers.ย  Everyone was wrung out.ย  We sat like zombies until the airstair door opened.ย  The pilots certainly had enough.ย  Lake Central bused us and I arrived home at 2:00 a.m.ย  Even Disney couldnโ€™t give you an experience like that for $12.75.

Epilogue:ย  Every time I came across N73123 in the field I would always smile a half smile and just shake my head.ย  This airplane went on to a full and very productive life.ย  Converted to a 580 by Lake Central in 1967, absorbed into Allegheny in 1968 as N5843, then to Mountainwest Airlines, Nor-Fly (Norway) as a freighter, and to Canada with Kelowna Flightcraft.ย  She was finally exported to New Zealand in 1997 where she was current with Air Freight NZ as ZK-KFH.ย  That airframe logbook is very thick.

Write Dave Nichols at propitupblog@gmail.com

Read Dave previous articles:

What Allegheny Meant To Me:ย CLICK HERE

A Day with Southern Airways:ย CLICK HERE

Mohawk’s Incredible Weekends Unlimited: CLICK HERE

Lake Central Airlines:ย 

Frameable Color Prints and Posters:ย 

All timetables, maps and logos kindly suppled byย Airline Timetables.

The Timetable Chronicles: Ozark Air Lines (Part 2)

Guest Editor David Kellerย 

Guest Editor David Keller

The Timetable Chronicles: The World of Airline Timetable Collecting

Ozark Air Lines (Part 2)

The latter half of the 1960โ€™s were eventful for the local airlines in general, and Ozark Airlines (St. Louis) was no exception.ย  Starting with Mohawkโ€™s introduction of the BAC 1-11 in 1965, the local carriers began the process of adding pure-jets to their fleets.ย  Ozark went a step further, ordering DC-9โ€™s and FH-227Bโ€™s to replace its entire fleet of F-27โ€™s, Martin 404โ€™s and the workhorse DC-3โ€™s.ย  The July 15, 1966 timetable (below) is the first to show DC-9โ€™s in service, with a single aircraft being put to work on a 14 flight schedule that served 7 stations, as indicated by the promotional ad in the timetable.

Copyright Photo: Bruce Drum. Please click on the photo for the full view and details.

Ozark Airlines:ย 

The December 1, 1966 timetable (below) shows the addition of the Fairchild FH-227B to Ozarkโ€™s fleet.

Service was inaugurated to 11 destinations with this timetable, and 4 additional stations were added 2 weeks later.ย  The type would eventually number 21 aircraft, one of which was lost in a crash at St. Louis in 1973.ย  The final revenue service (which I was fortunately able to ride) came on October 25, 1980 as Flight 848 from St. Louis to Chicago with a stop at Peoria.

Copyright Photo: Bruce Drum. Please click on the photo for the details and the full view.

Another big happening in the local airline world in the late 60โ€™s was the growing shift towards cross-subsidies.ย  The government had been subsidizing the local carriers to serve points that were generally unprofitable, while profitable routes went to the trunk carriers.ย  Now that the local carriers were acquiring jets, they had a chance to be competitive against the trunk lines. ย Cross-subsidies involved awarding some of those potentially profitable services to the locals, with the idea that those profits could reduce the amount of the subsidies paid for the other operations.ย  In some cases, authority was given to operate non-stop flights in major markets where stops had previously been required.ย  Such was the case when Ozark was awarded non-stop authority between St. Louis and Chicago as promoted on the timetable dated October 27, 1968 (below).ย  By November 15th, the carrier was offering 7 nonstops in each direction.

In other instances, โ€œbypassโ€ routes were awarded from some of the larger local stations to major cities outside of the carrierโ€™s normal area of operation.ย  Ozark would receive authority to Denver, Dallas, New York and Washington from places like Sioux City, Peoria and Champaign/Urbana.ย  The route map from the timetable dated October 1, 1970 (below) shows the new services as well as the acquisition of Chicago โ€“ Des Moines nonstop authority.

A number of local service airlines tried operating smaller aircraft that were generally considered to be commuter types.ย  Ozark attempted such a โ€œcommuterโ€ operation beginning on March 12, 1972 (below) with Twin Otter service between Springfield, IL and Meigs Field in Chicago.ย  Flights were operated every 90 minutes on weekdays only.ย  This became a competition with the much smaller Air Illinois which operated a very similar schedule of flights on the route.ย  After less than a year, Ozark would drop the service, and Air Illinois would continue to operate the route for a number of years, utilizing an HS 748 for much of that time.

In late 1973 the airline world suffered the shock created by the Arab Oil Embargo.ย  Fuel quotas were established, and the airlines had to learn how to get by with less.ย  The impact on the local carriers was not as drastic as the trunk carriers, which removed many of their new but fuel hungry 747โ€™s from service, as well as entire fleets of non-fan Convair 880โ€™s, 707/720โ€™s and DC-8โ€™s.ย  The local airlines had no widebodies or first-generation aircraft, so their fleets were relatively efficient.

October of 1978 ushered in the event that has done more to shape the airline industry than any other, the Airline Deregulation Act.ย  This piece of legislation removed many of the barriers faced by airlines applying for authority to serve new routes (which had often been a slow and arduous process), as well as for entities wanting to create new airlines.ย  The initial result was the award of unused route authority to other airlines willing to provide service.ย  Florida was a popular choice for new service, and Ozark quickly began service to 4 destinations with their December 15, 1978 timetable (below).

Please click on the map to expand.

Copyright Photo: Bruce Drum. The last OZ color scheme, introduced in 1979.

A number of local carriers were looking at larger equipment to use on the new routes, and a several opted for 727โ€™s (used -100 series aircraft or factory-new 200-series).ย  For its part, Ozark placed an order for 2 new 727-200โ€™s slated for delivery in late 1979.ย  Unfortunately, the carrier suffered several work stoppages prior to the arrival of the new aircraft, and determined that they were no longer required given the resulting reductions in traffic.ย  Although at least one was painted in full Ozark colors, the type never entered service and both were sent off to Panย Am.

Copyright Photo: Robert Woodling – Bruce Drum Collection.

New services in the early days of Deregulation were frequently from stations other than the carrierโ€™s main operations base, which was tied in to the new destinations by the continuation of the flight routings when practical.ย  As the ability to enter and leave routes was liberalized over the ensuing years, most of the services to new destinations realigned to provide non-stop flights from one of the airlineโ€™s chosen hubs, again leaving the outlying stations with only direct or connecting service.ย  The route map of the October 1, 1985 timetable (below) shows the almost-complete consolidation of routes through the airlineโ€™s hub in St. Louis.

This timetable also shows Ozark embracing the โ€œexpressโ€ concept of code-sharing with commuter airlines to provide service to smaller destinations (which had frequently been dropped by the larger carrier).ย  In Ozarkโ€™s case, a partnership was created with Air Midwest to form Ozark Midwest, which started with service from St. Louis to 15 destinations.

The other impact of Deregulation was the ensuing rash of airline mergers, which in some cases involved a trunk carrier buying up their principal competition.ย  Such was the case in 1986 when TWA purchased Ozark, ending a proud legacy spanning over 36 years.ย  The timetable dated August 25, 1986 was the final issue published prior to the merger.

The final โ€œOzarkโ€ timetables were actually issued by TWA following the merger.ย  At least 3 different Ozark timetables were printed, and I am told that it was due to TWA using the Ozark operating certificate for the DC-9โ€™s until it could be transferred.ย  (TWA already had MD-80โ€™s, so there was no problem with the larger type.)ย  Apparently, TWA felt that they needed an โ€œOzarkโ€ timetable if they were operating certain flights as such, and distributed a small number of copies to each station with instructions to hand them out only if asked.ย  (It makes no sense to me that a timetable was required to support an operating certificate, but thatโ€™s the story I was given!)

The April 5, 1987 timetable shows โ€œOzarkโ€ flights to Toledo, a station never actually served by the airline.ย  Eventually, the certificate was transferred, and Ozark Air Lines disappeared into TWA.

Ozark Airlines:ย 

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David Keller

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